![]() Two political scientists whose work stands out in this area are John Gerring and Erik Wibbels. Federal systems compared to unitary systems The Conclusion underscores what the paper has demonstrated: the value of empirical studies that move beyond comparing federal systems with each other, and compare federal systems with other types of systems. We show that fiscal federalism and various allied theories are properly understood as theories of decentralization, not federalism. Part IV extends the issues set out above by exploring the misunderstandings and misapplication of theories of fiscal federalism to political federalism. Part III examines the managerial concepts of centralization and decentralization and tries to sort out the confusion often associated with decentralization and federalism. ![]() Part II examines a variation on the federal/unitary distinction by exploring the claimed benefits of consociational government in contrast to either federal or unitary structures – though it does show that consociational structures are only likely to flourish in unitary systems. Part I compares federal systems with unitary systems on a number of dimensions. Our findings are far from conclusive, but they are instructive, in large part because they all point in the same direction and to the same conclusion: unitary systems out-perform federal systems on almost all measures of government effectiveness and efficiency, and citizen well-being. ![]() We review these findings, contribute some additional analysis of our own, and then use the discussion to clarify distinctions between federalism and decentralization which are often confused in some of this literature. In this article we draw on a small but important body of work that has begun to contrast federal with unitary and other systems in order to determine how well federal systems fare by comparison. But rarely are their claims tested in any systematic manner. Despite this, advocates of federalism make all sorts of claims about federalism. Rarely do they compare federal systems with other types of governmental structures. Occasionally they compare differences between or among federal systems. ![]() įederalism, as compared to what? * Most students of federalism focus on only one country. To know only one country is to know none.
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